Reported Speech with Different Tenses

در این درس گرامر Reported Speech با زمان‌های مختلف را به‌طور کامل یاد می‌گیریم. این ساختار برای نقل‌قول گفته‌های دیگران به کار می‌رود و می‌تواند در زمان‌های مختلفی بیان شود.

1. تعریف و کاربرد

Reported Speech برای بازگو کردن صحبت یا جمله‌ای که شخص دیگری گفته است استفاده می‌شود. معمولاً در جمله خبری، سوالی یا امری به کار می‌رود و تغییرات زمان و ضمایر در آن رخ می‌دهد.

2. تغییر زمان‌ها در نقل‌قول

زمان‌ها در نقل‌قول به طور معمول به عقب منتقل می‌شوند:

  • Present Simple → Past Simple
  • Present Continuous → Past Continuous
  • Present Perfect → Past Perfect
  • Past Simple → Past Perfect
  • Past Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous
  • Will → Would

3. جملات خبری

ساختار: Subject + said (that) + reported clause

Direct: "I am learning English."
Reported: She said that she was learning English.

Direct: "We have finished the project."
Reported: They said that they had finished the project.

4. جملات سوالی

ساختار برای سوالات Yes/No: Subject + asked + if/whether + reported clause

Direct: "Do you like pizza?"
Reported: He asked if I liked pizza.

Direct: "Have they arrived?"
Reported: She asked whether they had arrived.

برای سوالات با Wh-words: Subject + asked + Wh-word + reported clause

Direct: "Where do you live?"
Reported: He asked me where I lived.

Direct: "What is she doing?"
Reported: They asked what she was doing.

5. جملات امری

ساختار: Subject + told/asked + object + to + verb

Direct: "Close the door!"
Reported: She told me to close the door.

Direct: "Please sit down."
Reported: He asked us to sit down.

6. تغییر ضمایر و قیدهای مکانی/زمانی

  • I → he/she
  • my → his/her
  • here → there
  • now → then
  • today → that day
  • tomorrow → the next day / the following day
  • yesterday → the day before / the previous day
Direct: "I will meet you here tomorrow."
Reported: He said that he would meet me there the next day.

7. تمرین کوتاه

  • Direct: "I am reading a book." → ____________________
  • Direct: "Do you like coffee?" → ____________________
  • Direct: "She has finished her homework." → ____________________
  • Direct: "Where is the station?" → ____________________
  • Direct: "Please open the window." → ____________________
  • Direct: "I will call you tomorrow." → ____________________
  • Direct: "We are learning English on LangorAi.com." → ____________________

جواب‌ها:

  • She said that she was reading a book.
  • He asked if I liked coffee.
  • They said that she had finished her homework.
  • He asked where the station was.
  • She told me to open the window.
  • He said that he would call me the next day.
  • They said that they were learning English on LangorAi.com.

8. نکات مهم

  • زمان‌ها در نقل‌قول معمولاً یک قدم به عقب منتقل می‌شوند، مگر وقتی جمله هنوز حقیقت دارد.
  • در سوالات Yes/No از if یا whether استفاده می‌کنیم.
  • ضمایر و قیدهای زمان و مکان باید مطابق متن تغییر کنند.
  • برای جملات امری از told/asked + to + verb استفاده می‌کنیم.

9. مثال‌های بیشتر

She said that she was studying all morning.
He asked if I had seen that movie.
They told us to wait outside.
Learn more examples and exercises like this at LangorAi.com.

جمع‌بندی

گرامر Reported Speech به شما امکان می‌دهد صحبت دیگران را با تغییر زمان‌ها، ضمایر و قیدها به شکل صحیح نقل کنید. با تمرین جملات خبری، سوالی و امری و توجه به تغییرات زمان و ضمایر، می‌توانید این ساختار را در مکالمه و نوشتار انگلیسی به درستی به کار ببرید.

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