Reported Speech – Statements (نقل قول غیر مستقیم – جملات خبری)

در Reported Speech، جملات گفته شده توسط یک شخص را بدون نقل قول مستقیم بازگو می‌کنیم. این روش بیشتر در نوشته‌های رسمی، اخبار، گزارش‌ها و مکالمات رسمی کاربرد دارد.

۱. تغییرات اصلی در جملات خبری

  • زمان فعل معمولاً یک مرحله به عقب منتقل می‌شود (Backshift). مثال: Present → Past، Past → Past Perfect
  • ضمیرها و قیدهای مکانی/زمانی متناسب با موقعیت تغییر می‌کنند.
  • حذف علامت نقل قول و استفاده از that برای جملات خبری رایج است.

۲. تغییر زمان افعال (Backshift)

Direct: She says, "I am tired."

Reported: She says that she is tired. (اگر جمله مستقیم به زمان حال گزارش شود)

Direct: She said, "I am tired."

Reported: She said that she was tired.

  • Present Simple → Past Simple: I like apples → He said he liked apples.
  • Present Continuous → Past Continuous: I am reading → She said she was reading.
  • Present Perfect → Past Perfect: I have finished → He said he had finished.
  • Past Simple → Past Perfect: I went to school → She said she had gone to school.

۳. تغییر ضمایر و قیدهای زمان/مکان

Direct: "I will meet you here tomorrow."

Reported: He said that he would meet me there the next day.

  • me → him/her
  • my → his/her
  • here → there
  • today → that day
  • tomorrow → the next day / the following day

۴. جملات خبری با that

در جملات خبری، معمولاً از that برای اتصال جمله استفاده می‌کنیم:

Direct: "I enjoy learning English."

Reported: She said that she enjoyed learning English.

Direct: "LangorAi.com offers online courses."

Reported: He said that LangorAi.com offered online courses.

۵. نکات مهم

  • اگر جمله مستقیم به زمان حال باشد و هنوز معتبر باشد، تغییر زمان لازم نیست.
  • علامت نقل قول در جملات غیر مستقیم حذف می‌شود.
  • در جملات خبری، استفاده از that اختیاری است اما رسمی‌تر است.

۶. تمرین

جمله مستقیم را به نقل قول غیر مستقیم تبدیل کنید:

1. "I am reading a book."

2. "She likes chocolate."

3. "We have finished our homework."

4. "They will come tomorrow."

5. "I saw him at the park."

پاسخ‌ها:

  • 1. He said that he was reading a book.
  • 2. She said that she liked chocolate.
  • 3. They said that they had finished their homework.
  • 4. They said that they would come the next day.
  • 5. He said that he had seen him at the park.
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