Reduced Clauses
در این درس گرامر Reduced Clauses را بهطور کامل یاد میگیریم. Reduced Clauses به ما کمک میکند جملات طولانی با subordinate clauses را کوتاه و روان کنیم.
1. تعریف Reduced Clauses
Reduced Clauses زمانی استفاده میشوند که میخواهیم جملههای فرعی (subordinate clauses) را کوتاه کنیم بدون اینکه معنی اصلی تغییر کند. این کار معمولاً با حذف فاعل و تغییر شکل فعل انجام میشود.
2. انواع Reduced Clauses
a) Reduced Relative Clauses
وقتی از who, which, that استفاده میکنیم و میخواهیم جمله کوتاه شود:
The man who is standing over there is my uncle.
→ The man standing over there is my uncle.
→ The man standing over there is my uncle.
b) Reduced Adverbial Clauses
وقتی از جملات زمان، علت یا شرط استفاده میکنیم و میتوانیم جمله را کوتاه کنیم:
Because she was tired, she went to bed early.
→ Being tired, she went to bed early.
→ Being tired, she went to bed early.
c) Reduced Conditional Clauses
در جملات شرطی، اگر فاعل و فعل مشخص است، میتوان جمله را کوتاه کرد:
If you are interested, join the club.
→ Interested, join the club.
→ Interested, join the club.
3. جملات مثبت
- The students waiting outside are from my class.
- Excited about the trip, they packed their bags quickly.
- The book written by J.K. Rowling is very popular.
4. جملات منفی
- The man not knowing the answer stayed silent.
- Not having enough money, she couldn’t buy the dress.
5. تمرین کوتاه
- The woman ___ at the corner is my teacher. → ____________________
- ___ tired, he went to bed early. → ____________________
- The letter ___ yesterday was very important. → ____________________
- ___ feeling well, she stayed home. → ____________________
- The children ___ in the park are my neighbors. → ____________________
جوابها:
- The woman standing at the corner is my teacher.
- Being tired, he went to bed early.
- The letter sent yesterday was very important.
- Not feeling well, she stayed home.
- The children playing in the park are my neighbors.
6. نکات مهم
- Reduced Clauses باعث کوتاهی و روانتر شدن جملات میشود.
- در Relative Clauses، اغلب who, which, that حذف میشوند و فعل به صورت verb-ing یا past participle میآید.
- در جملات علت، زمان و شرط، میتوان از being + adj یا verb-ing استفاده کرد.
جمعبندی
با تمرین جملات مثبت، منفی و شرطی، میتوانید جملات طولانی با Reduced Clauses را کوتاه، روان و حرفهای بیان کنید.